It captures the probability of default of a country's banking system. Z-score compares the buffer of a country's banking system (capitalization and returns) with the volatility of those returns. It is estimated as (ROA+(equity/assets))/sd(ROA); sd(ROA) is the standard deviation of ROA. ROA, equity, and assets are country-level aggregate figures Calculated from underlying bank-by-bank unconsolidated data from Bankscope. Every country, region and year the World Bank publishes for indicator GFDD.SI.01 (Global Financial Development), delivered as a tidy table — country, ISO code, year and value — ready for analysis in Excel, R, Python or the Intigal AI workspace. Original compiler: Bankscope, Bureau van Dijk (BvD).
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Version 1: Listed from the publisher's open-data release.
Original source: api.worldbank.org · CC BY 4.0 — free to reuse with attribution to the World Bank