Central bank bilateral debt includes Central bank debt with bilateral creditors. The central bank is the financial institution (or institutions) that exercises control over key aspects of the financial system. The monetary authority, normally the agency that issues currency and holds the country’s international reserves. Concessional debt is defined as loans with an original grant element of 35 percent or more. The grant element of a loan is the grant equivalent expressed as a percentage of the amount committed. It is used as a measure of the overall cost of borrowing. The grant equivalent of a loan is its commitment (present) value, less the discounted present value of its contractual debt service; conventionally, future service payments are discounted at 5 percent. Net flows (or net lending or net disbursements) received by the borrower during the year are disbursements minus principal Every country, region and year the World Bank publishes for indicator DT.NFL.BLTC.CB.CD (International Debt Statistics: DSSI), delivered as a tidy table — country, ISO code, year and value — ready for analysis in Excel, R, Python or the Intigal AI workspace. Original compiler: World Bank, International Debt Statistics..
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